Cooling System

Car cooling system provides the required temperature of the engine parts. Besides, it cools oil in the lubrication system, the air in the turbocharger, gases in the exhaust gas recirculation system, working fluid in the automatic transmission, heats the air in the heating system and air-conditioning system of the car cabin.

Types of cooling systems

• System of closed type (liquid cooled system).The temperature of the heated parts of the engine is decreased by means of fluid flow.
• System of open type (air cooled system).The temperature of the heated parts of the engine is decreased by means of air flow.
• System of the combined type.For cooling of the engine parts the flow of air and liquid is used.

Cooling system mechanism

Due to the better achievement of uniform cooling and lower noise indicators the system of closed type is the most widely used in the automotive industry. We consider its structure:

1. Expansion tank. It compensates changes in the fluid volume under the influence of temperature.
2. Radiator of the exhaust gas recirculation system. Reduces exhaust gas temperature.
3. Heat exchange of heater. It increases the temperature of the air.
4. Coolant temperature sensor. It fixes this parameter and sends signals to the electronic control unit.
5. Coolant pump. It is used to circulate the fluid in the system.
6. Coolant temperature sensor at the radiator outlet.
7. Thermostat. It adjusts coolant volume passing through the radiator.
8. Oil cooling radiator. It reduces oil temperature in the lubrication system.
9. Auxiliary coolant pump.
10. Cooling system radiator. It reduces the temperature of the coolant.

Exploitation

Regular control of the cooling system condition will allow you to avoid many problems. Once a week you need to check coolant level in the expansion tank. It is in order if you have to fill fluid once in 6-8 months. If you do this procedure oftener, for example, every 2 weeks or once a month, it is necessary check if there is a fluid leakage in the system. Besides, it is useful to check systematically the condition and the tension of liquid pump drive belt. To prevent break - that's your task. Control the indications of temperature sensors - engine operating temperature in summer is up to 100 degrees, in winter -up to 85-90 degrees. Pay attention to extraneous sounds when engine and cooling system operation, to the presence of stains on the pavement under your car. Careful attention to the vehicle will allow you to prevent serious damage, the repair of which will be expensive.

Cooling system failure

• Radiator failure:
  1. infringement of tightness;
  2. surface contamination;
  3. debris in the core.
• Centrifugal pump failure:
  1. worn-out condition;
  2. infringement of tightness;
  3. losing of drive power.
• Faulty thermostat.
• Fan drive breakage:
  1. low level of mechanical drive belt tension;
  2. incorrect operation of thermal relay or of electric drive motor;
  3. low level of oil pressure of the hydraulic drive.
• The presence of cracks in the body of cylinder block, or in coolant passages of cylinder head.
• Deteriorated condition of cylinder block gasket and deformation of the cylinder block head.
• Incorrect operation of pipes:
  1. Infingement of tightness of fasteners;
  2. Debris;
  3. mechanical damage.
• Incorrect operation of temperature sensor.
• Temperature gauge failure.
• Low coolant level.

Signs of cooling system failure

• engine overcooling;
• engine overheating;
• internal coolant leak;
• external coolant leak.

Causes of cooling system failure

• Disregard of basic rules of the power unit exploitation:
  • poor quality of the coolant;
  • ignoring the terms of fluid replacement.
• Use of low quality components.
• Limiting operation of the system components.
• Low quality of the repair and maintenance of the system.

Repair of cooling system

The most common problem in this system is fluid leakage. This problem can be solved by pulling clamps and threaded parts of hoses and pipes flanges, by replacing the expansion tank or pump. To prevent overheating of the engine one should replace the drive belt of the liquid pump. The best option is to contact a specialized service centre. Qualified specialists find out quickly the cause of the failure, fix the problem, carry out necessary repairs or replacement of certain parts. Replacement of the cooling system is a complex and very expensive process.

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